> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.inverse.finance/inverse-finance/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.inverse.finance/inverse-finance/inverse-finance/technical/smart-contracts.md).

# Smart Contracts

Inverse Finance smart contract cheat sheet

Inverse Finance operates entirely through smart contracts deployed on Ethereum and other chains. Every protocol function, from governance votes to DOLA minting to FiRM borrowing, is executed by audited, immutable code that anyone can verify on-chain. This page provides an overview of the contract architecture, links to key contracts, and resources for developers and security researchers.

***

### Contract Architecture Overview

Inverse Finance's contracts are organized into several interconnected systems, each serving a specific protocol function. Understanding this architecture helps you navigate the codebase and verify how different components interact.

**Governance Contracts** manage the DAO's decision-making system, including proposal submission, voting, execution, and multisig controls. Key contracts include Governor Mills (the main governance executor), the Policy Committee's governance guardian, and various working group multisigs.

**FiRM Contracts** power the fixed-rate lending protocol with market-specific contracts for each collateral type, shared infrastructure like the BorrowController and Oracle, escrow contracts that custody deposited collateral, and price feed contracts that provide oracle data for liquidation calculations.

**Fed Contracts** manage DOLA supply across multiple chains and liquidity venues, minting and burning DOLA based on market demand while maintaining peg stability through automated and multisig-controlled operations.

**Token Contracts** include core assets like INV, DOLA, DBR, sDOLA, sINV, and jrDOLA, along with historical cross-chain bridge infrastructure that used Chainlink CCIP. Mill 396 (executed 2026-08-11) shut down the sDOLA CCIP lanes, and mill 393 (executed 2026-07-21) shut down the sINV CCIP lanes. L2 token addresses below are historical deployments; they are not live bridge destinations.

**Helper Contracts** provide convenience functions for users and integrators, including flash loan helpers, liquidity provision tools, auto-compounding wrappers, and batch transaction utilities.

***

### Key Contract Addresses

**Core Protocol Tokens**

| Token       | Address                                      | Chain    |
| ----------- | -------------------------------------------- | -------- |
| INV         | `0x41d5d79431a913c4ae7d69a668ecdfe5ff9dfb68` | Ethereum |
| DOLA        | `0x865377367054516e17014ccded1e7d814edc9ce4` | Ethereum |
| DBR         | `0xad038eb671c44b853887a7e32528fab35dc5d710` | Ethereum |
| sDOLA       | `0xb45ad160634c528cc3d2926d9807104fa3157305` | Ethereum |
| sINV        | `0x08d23468A467d2bb86FaE0e32F247A26C7E2e994` | Ethereum |
| jrDOLA (v2) | `0x6f80a22a57C7F0257094eA8D426AF3F747defbC7` | Ethereum |

**Governance**

| Contract            | Address                                      | Chain    |
| ------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | -------- |
| Governor Mills      | `0xbeccb6bb0aa4ab551966a7e4b97cec74bb359bf6` | Ethereum |
| Treasury            | `0x926df14a23be491164dcf93f4c468a50ef659d5b` | Ethereum |
| Governance Guardian | `0x941c2699eC7E55a50Bde030d8E1e70649839259D` | Ethereum |

**FiRM Core Infrastructure**

| Contract            | Address                                      | Chain    |
| ------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | -------- |
| BorrowController v4 | `0x01ECA33e20a4c379Bd8A5361f896A7dd2bAE4ce8` | Ethereum |
| Oracle              | `0xabe146cf570fd27ddd985895ce9b138a7110cce8` | Ethereum |
| FiRM Fed            | `0x2b34548b865ad66a2b046cb82e59ee43f75b90fd` | Ethereum |
| DBR Distributor     | `0xdcd2D918511Ba39F2872EB731BB88681AE184244` | Ethereum |

***

### Active FiRM Markets

FiRM operates multiple lending markets, each with its own collateral-specific contracts. Below are the currently active markets as of August 2026:

**Major Collateral Markets**

* **WETH Market** - `0x63df5e23db45a2066508318f172ba45b9cd37035`
* **wstETH Market** - `0x3FD3daBB9F9480621C8A111603D3Ba70F17550BC`
* **wBTC Market** - `0x48BA574Edf0bc4E2E40B529863aaA6a67c264E7C`
* **cbBTC Market** - `0x2A256306D8ba899E33B01e495982656884Ac77FF`

**Stablecoin & Yield Markets**

* **sUSDe Market** - `0x79eF6d28C41e47A588E2F2ffB4140Eb6d952AEc4`
* **Convex DOLA-sUSDe Market** - `0xb427fc22561f3963b04202f9bb5bcebd76c14a99`
* **Yearn DOLA-sUSDe Market** - `0x4e264618dc015219cd83dbc53b31251d73c2db1a`
* **Convex DOLA-sUSDS Market** - `0xD68d3a44d46dd50BFeBa8Cca544717B76e7C4b29`
* **Yearn DOLA-sUSDS Market** - `0x4A33baFA8a31E4ec9649f65646022cAD1957808b`
* **Stake DAO sDOLA-scrvUSD Market** - `0xC45E9c231ab5D9Bd3F1131E7901B100D8D236C4d` (mill 392)
* **Stake DAO reUSD-sDOLA Market** - `0xf9287c29Cb888F4834B7D2757a833D509e7f9D9A` (mill 398)
* **Yearn reUSD-sDOLA Market** - `0x1fD4985cdd57bDb1eD646B10B7952fCD58946916` (mill 400)

**Governance & DeFi Tokens**

* **INV Market** - `0xb516247596Ca36bf32876199FBdCaD6B3322330B` (new borrows paused, mill 389)
* **CRV Market** - `0x63fAd99705a255fE2D500e498dbb3A9aE5AA1Ee8`
* **cvxCRV Market** - `0x3474ad0e3a9775c9F68B415A7a9880B0CAB9397a`
* **Staked CVX Market** - `0xdc2265cBD15beD67b5F2c0B82e23FcE4a07ddF6b`
* **st-yCRV Market** - `0x27b6c301Fd441f3345d61B7a4245E1F823c3F9c4`

***

### Sunset / Deprecated FiRM Markets

The following markets were sunset by mill 395 (executed 2026-08-03): borrows paused and Fed ceiling set to zero. Existing borrowers can still repay and withdraw. Do not list these as active collateral.

* **Convex DOLA-scrvUSD** - `0x2fed508aac87c0e6f0b647fe83164a7aa6eb2fc9`
* **Yearn DOLA-scrvUSD** - `0x5bb8f6aacff2971b42f9fe6945d24726a2541cf2`
* **Convex sDOLA-scrvUSD** - `0x63D27fC9d463Ed727676367D3F818999962737E8`
* **Yearn sDOLA-scrvUSD** - `0xb8bc1E9c0a2d445bc39d2A745F47619E954dD565`
* **PT-sUSDE-27NOV2025** - `0x223f21a27f290972cba4e25c8e351ef2937fbe68`
* **PT-USDe-27NOV2025** - `0xf706289d0324a5e86c33ce54689a6f34cfd4b11f`
* **Convex DOLA-wstUSR** - `0xe4D47Ef77AC2C3FA4019Cd169Ac1Dd9E27cb12E4`
* **Yearn DOLA-wstUSR** - `0x28684485369f7478f42aAA62660123AB5D573537`
* **Convex crvUSD-DOLA** - `0x6a522f3bd3fda15e74180953f203cf55aa6c631e`

***

### Cross-Chain Deployments

Inverse Finance previously operated Chainlink CCIP bridges for sDOLA and sINV. Those lanes are shut down (sDOLA: mill 396, executed 2026-08-11; sINV: mill 393, executed 2026-07-21). The addresses below are historical deployments. Tokens may still exist on those chains, but the contracts are not live bridge destinations.

**sDOLA Deployments (historical)**

| Chain     | sDOLA Address                                | Governance Proxy                             |
| --------- | -------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| Base      | `0xCa78ee4544ec5a33Af86F1E786EfC7d3652bf005` | `0x1C064265E053D23d120c518fDBB542e6537f82d1` |
| Optimism  | `0xfc63C9c8Ba44AE89C01265453Ed4F427C80cBd4E` | `0xaF956837AF704D825c1FCbE2651D5c3c37AD5289` |
| Arbitrum  | `0x7a1e123e41458aabaB8068BFed6010D8f9480898` | `0x607bCd974bB69C78eCdbf0B68748B791bBa24d94` |
| Berachain | `0x02eaa69646183c069FC2B64F15923F27B9CF3b03` | `0x1992AF61FBf8ee38741bcc57d636CAA22A1a7702` |

**sINV Deployments (historical)**

| Chain    | sINV Address                                 | Governance Proxy                             |
| -------- | -------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| Base     | `0x8Bbd036d018657E454F679E7C4726F7a8ECE2773` | `0x5D5392505ee69f9FE7a6a1c1AF14f17Db3B3e364` |
| Optimism | `0x1992AF61FBf8ee38741bcc57d636CAA22A1a7702` | `0xCbB162B761B83578b2a0226cbAf4C1adE0d60B2e` |
| Arbitrum | `0x4C7b266B4bf0A8758fa85E69292eE55c212236cF` | `0x1230bd56bf23Bf7adF95b9F861711301E3CCd6b3` |

***

### Contract Governance & Upgrades

Inverse Finance contracts follow different upgradeability patterns depending on their function and risk profile.

**Immutable Contracts**

Core token contracts (INV, DOLA, DBR) are immutable and cannot be upgraded. Their code is fixed at deployment, ensuring no single party can change token mechanics.

**Governance-Controlled Contracts**

Most protocol contracts are controlled by Governor Mills, the DAO's on-chain governance system. Parameters like collateral factors, liquidation incentives, and borrow caps can be adjusted through governance votes, but core contract logic remains fixed unless a new contract is deployed and approved by governance.

**Multisig-Controlled Contracts**

Certain operational contracts are controlled by working group multisigs for day-to-day management. These include Fed contracts that manage DOLA supply, oracle configurations that require rapid updates, and helper contracts that provide convenience functions. All multisig actions are transparent on-chain and can be monitored in real-time.

**Emergency Controls**

Key multisigs hold limited emergency powers including the ability to cancel proposals and pause active markets (but not unpause). These defensive measures help protect the protocol during exploits or oracle failures but cannot be used to change core economics or access user funds.

***

### Historical Context

Inverse Finance has evolved significantly since its 2020 launch, with contracts reflecting different product iterations and market conditions.

**Deprecated Products**

Some contracts in the registry represent discontinued products including Frontier (deprecated variable-rate lending), Fuse pools (Rari Capital integration, deprecated 2022), DCA vaults (discontinued), and various Fed contracts for sunset liquidity venues. These contracts remain in the registry for historical transparency and audit trail purposes.

**Contract Migrations**

The protocol has undergone several major contract migrations to improve functionality and security including BorrowController v1 → v4 (improved debt management), DBR Auction v1 → v2 (enhanced liquidity), ALE v4 → ALE v5 (mill 399; Enso and KyberSwap routers), and various price feed upgrades (improved oracle resilience).

Understanding this evolution helps contextualize why multiple contract versions exist and how the protocol has responded to changing DeFi landscape and security best practices.

***

### Resources

* **Audits:** Security & Audit Reports
* **Bug Bounty:** [Sherlock Program](https://audits.sherlock.xyz/bug-bounties/233)
* [**GitHub**](https://github.com/inversefinance)**:** Open Source Repository

***

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